Vaccines and Medical Experiments on Children, Minorities, Woman and Inmates (1845 - 2007)

Vaccines and Medical Experiments on Children, Minorities, Woman and Inmates (1845 - 2007)









Think U.S. health authorities have never conducted outrageous medical
experiments on children, women, minorities, homosexuals and inmates?
Think again: This timeline, originally put together by Dani Veracity (a
NaturalNews reporter), has been edited and updated with recent
vaccination experimentation programs in Maryland and New Jersey. Here's
what's really happening in the United States when it comes to exploiting the public for medical experimentation:



(1845 - 1849) J. Marion Sims, later hailed as the "father of gynecology," performs medical experiments on enslaved African women without anesthesia. These women would usually die of infection soon after surgery. Based on his belief that the movement of newborns' skull bones during protracted births causes
trismus, he also uses a shoemaker's awl, a pointed tool shoemakers use
to make holes in leather, to practice moving the skull bones of babies born to enslaved mothers (Brinker).

(1895)

New York
pediatrician Henry Heiman infects a 4-year-old boy whom he calls "an
idiot with chronic epilepsy" with gonorrhea as part of a medical
experiment ("Human Experimentation: Before the Nazi Era and After").

(1896)

Dr. Arthur Wentworth turns 29 children at Boston's Children's Hospital into human guinea pigs when he performs spinal taps on them, just to test whether the procedure is harmful (Sharav).

(1906)

Harvard professor Dr. Richard Strong infects prisoners in the Philippines with cholera to study the disease; 13 of them die. He compensates survivors with cigars and cigarettes. During the Nuremberg Trials, Nazi doctors cite this study to justify their own medical experiments (Greger, Sharav).

(1911)

Dr. Hideyo Noguchi of the Rockefeller Institute for
Medical Research publishes data on injecting an inactive syphilis
preparation into the skin of 146 hospital patients and normal children in an attempt to develop a skin test for syphilis. Later, in 1913, several of these children's parents sue Dr. Noguchi for allegedly infecting their children with syphilis ("Reviews and Notes: History of Medicine: Subjected to Science: Human Experimentation in America before the Second World War").

(1913)

Medical experimenters "test" 15 children at the children's home St. Vincent's House in Philadelphia with tuberculin, resulting in permanent blindness
in some of the children. Though the Pennsylvania House of
Representatives records the incident, the researchers are not punished
for the experiments ("Human Experimentation: Before the Nazi Era and After").

(1915)

Dr. Joseph Goldberger, under order of the U.S. Public
Health Office, produces Pellagra, a debilitating disease that affects
the central nervous system,
in 12 Mississippi inmates to try to find a cure for the disease. One
test subject later says that he had been through "a thousand hells." In
1935, after millions die from the disease, the director of the U.S
Public Health Office would finally admit that officials had known that
it was caused by a niacin deficiency for some time, but did nothing about it because it mostly affected poor African-Americans. During the Nuremberg Trials, Nazi doctors used this study to try to justify their medical experiments on concentration camp inmates (Greger; Cockburn and St. Clair, eds.).

(1932)

(1932-1972) The U.S. Public Health Service in Tuskegee,
Ala. diagnoses 400 poor, black sharecroppers with syphilis but never
tells them of their illness nor treats them; instead researchers use the men as human guinea pigs to follow the symptoms
and progression of the disease. They all eventually die from syphilis
and their families are never told that they could have been treated
(Goliszek, University of Virginia Health System Health Sciences Library).

(1939)

In order to test his theory on the roots of stuttering,
prominent speech pathologist Dr. Wendell Johnson performs his famous
"Monster Experiment" on 22 children at the Iowa Soldiers' Orphans' Home in Davenport. Dr. Johnson and his graduate students
put the children under intense psychological pressure, causing them to
switch from speaking normally to stuttering heavily. At the time, some
of the students reportedly warn Dr. Johnson that, "in the aftermath of
World War II, observers might draw comparisons to Nazi experiments on
human subjects, which could destroy his career" (Alliance for Human Research Protection).

(1941)

Dr. William C. Black infects a 12-month-old baby with herpes as part of a medical experiment. At the time, the editor of the Journal of Experimental Medicine, Francis Payton Rous, calls it "an abuse
of power, an infringement of the rights of an individual, and not
excusable because the illness which followed had implications for
science" (Sharav).

An article in a 1941 issue of Archives of Pediatrics describes medical studies of the severe gum disease Vincent's angina in which doctors transmit the disease from sick children to healthy children with oral swabs (Goliszek).

Researchers give 800 poverty-stricken pregnant women at a Vanderbilt University prenatal clinic "cocktails" including radioactive iron in order to determine the iron requirements of pregnant women (Pacchioli).

(1942)

The Chemical Warfare Service begins mustard gas and lewisite experiments on 4,000 members of the U.S. military. Some test subjects don't realize they are volunteering
for chemical exposure experiments, like 17-year-old Nathan Schnurman,
who in 1944 thinks he is only volunteering to test "U.S. Navy summer
clothes" (Goliszek).

Merck Pharmaceuticals President George Merck is named director of the War Research Service (WRS), an agency designed to oversee the establishment of a biological warfare program (Goliszek).

(1944 - 1946) A captain in the medical corps addresses an April 1944
memo to Col. Stanford Warren, head of the Manhattan Project's Medical
Section, expressing his concerns about atom bomb component fluoride's
central nervous system (CNS) effects and asking for animal research
to be done to determine the extent of these effects: "Clinical
evidence suggests that uranium hexafluoride may have a rather marked
central nervous system effect ... It seems most likely that the F [code
for fluoride] component rather than the T [code for uranium] is the
causative factor ... Since work with these compounds is essential, it
will be necessary to know in advance what mental effects may occur after
exposure." The following year, the Manhattan Project would begin human-based studies on fluoride's effects (Griffiths and Bryson).

The Manhattan Project medical team, led by the now infamous University
of Rochester radiologist Col. Safford Warren, injects plutonium into patients at the University's teaching hospital, Strong Memorial (Burton Report).

(1945)

Continuing the Manhattan Project, researchers inject
plutonium into three patients at the University of Chicago's Billings
Hospital (Sharav).

The U.S. State Department, Army intelligence and the CIA begin Operation Paperclip, offering Nazi scientists immunity and secret identities in exchange for work on top-secret government projects on aerodynamics and chemical warfare medicine in the United States ("Project Paperclip").

(1945 - 1955) In Newburgh, N.Y., researchers linked to the Manhattan
Project begin the most extensive American study ever done on the health effects of fluoridating public drinking water (Griffiths and Bryson).

(1946)

Continuing the Newburg study of 1945, the Manhattan
Project commissions the University of Rochester to study fluoride's
effects on animals and humans in a project
codenamed "Program F." With the help of the New York State Health
Department, Program F researchers secretly collect and analyze blood
and tissue samples from Newburg residents. The studies are sponsored
by the Atomic Energy Commission and take place at the University of
Rochester Medical Center's Strong Memorial Hospital (Griffiths and Bryson).

(1946 - 1947) University of Rochester researchers inject four male and
two female human test subjects with uranium-234 and uranium-235 in
dosages ranging from 6.4 to 70.7 micrograms per one kilogram of body weight in order to study how much uranium they could tolerate before their kidneys become damaged (Goliszek).

Six male employees of a Chicago metallurgical laboratory are given water
contaminated with plutonium-239 to drink so that researchers can learn
how plutonium is absorbed into the digestive tract (Goliszek).

Researchers begin using patients in VA hospitals
as test subjects for human medical experiments, cleverly worded as
"investigations" or "observations" in medical study reports to avoid
negative connotations and bad publicity (Sharav).

The American public finally learns of the biowarfare experiments being
done at Fort Detrick from a report released by the War Department
(Goliszek).

(1947)

Col. E.E. Kirkpatrick of the U.S. Atomic Energy
Commission (AEC) issues a top-secret document (707075) dated Jan. 8. In
it, he writes that "certain radioactive substances are being prepared
for intravenous administration to human subjects as a part of the work
of the contract" (Goliszek).

A secret AEC document dated April 17 reads, "It is desired that no
document be released which refers to experiments with humans that might
have an adverse reaction on public opinion or result in legal suits,"
revealing that the U.S. government was aware of the health risks its
nuclear tests posed to military personnel conducting the tests or nearby civilians (Goliszek).

The CIA begins
studying LSD's potential as a weapon by using military and civilian
test subjects for experiments without their consent or even knowledge.
Eventually, these LSD studies will evolve into the MKULTRA program in
1953 (Sharav).

(1947 - 1953) The U.S. Navy begins Project Chatter to identify and test
so-called "truth serums," such as those used by the Soviet Union to
interrogate spies. Mescaline and the central nervous system depressant
scopolamine are among the many drugs tested on human subjects (Goliszek).

(1948)

Based on the secret studies performed on Newburgh, N.Y.
residents beginning in 1945, Project F researchers publish a report in
the August 1948 edition of the Journal of the American Dental Association,
detailing fluoride's health dangers. The U.S. Atomic Energy Commission
(AEC) quickly censors it for "national security" reasons (Griffiths and Bryson).

(1950)

(1950 - 1953) The U.S. Army releases chemical clouds over six American and Canadian cities. Residents in Winnipeg, Canada, where a highly toxic chemical called cadmium is dropped, subsequently experience high rates of respiratory illnesses (Cockburn and St. Clair, eds.).

In order to determine how susceptible an American city could be to biological attack, the U.S. Navy sprays a cloud of Bacillus globigii bacteria from ships over the San Francisco
shoreline. According to monitoring devices situated throughout the
city to test the extent of infection, the eight thousand residents of
San Francisco inhale five thousand or more bacteria particles, many
becoming sick with pneumonia-like symptoms (Goliszek).

Dr. Joseph Strokes of the University of Pennsylvania infects 200 female prisoners with viral hepatitis to study the disease (Sharav).

Doctors at the Cleveland City Hospital study changes in cerebral blood flow by injecting test subjects with spinal anesthesia, inserting needles in their jugular veins and brachial arteries, tilting their heads down and, after massive blood loss causes paralysis and fainting, measuring their blood pressure. They often perform this experiment multiple times on the same subject (Goliszek).

Dr. D. Ewen Cameron, later of MKULTRA infamy due to his 1957 to1964 experiments on Canadians, publishes an article in the British Journal of Physical Medicine,
in which he describes experiments that entail forcing schizophrenic
patients at Manitoba's Brandon Mental Hospital to lie naked under 15- to
200-watt red lamps for up to eight hours per day. His other
experiments include placing mental patients in an electric cage that
overheats their internal body temperatures to 103 degrees Fahrenheit, and inducing comas by giving patients large injections of insulin (Goliszek).

(1951)

The U.S. Army secretly contaminates the Norfolk Naval Supply Center in Virginia and Washington,
D.C.'s National Airport with a strain of bacteria chosen because
African-Americans were believed to be more susceptible to it than
Caucasians. The experiment causes food poisoning, respiratory problems and blood poisoning (Cockburn and St. Clair, eds.).

(1951 - 1956) Under contract with the Air Force's School of Aviation Medicine (SAM), the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston begins studying the effects of radiation on cancer patients
-- many of them members of minority groups or indigents, according to
sources -- in order to determine both radiation's ability to treat cancer and the possible long-term radiation
effects of pilots flying nuclear-powered planes. The study lasts until
1956, involving 263 cancer patients. Beginning in 1953, the subjects
are required to sign a waiver form, but it still does not meet the
informed consent guidelines established by the Wilson memo released
that year. The TBI studies themselves would continue at four different
institutions -- Baylor University College of Medicine, Memorial
Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, the U.S. Naval Hospital
in Bethesda and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine --
until 1971 (U.S. Department of Energy, Goliszek).

American, Canadian and British military and intelligence officials
gather a small group of eminent psychologists to a secret meeting at
the Ritz-Carlton Hotel in Montreal about Communist "thought-control
techniques." They proposed a top-secret research program on behavior modification -- involving testing drugs, hypnosis, electroshock and lobotomies on humans (Barker).

(1952)

At the famous Sloan-Kettering Institute, Chester M. Southam injects live cancer cells
into prisoners at the Ohio State Prison to study the progression of
the disease. Half of the prisoners in this National Institutes of
Health-sponsored (NIH) study are black, awakening racial suspicions
stemming from Tuskegee, which was also an NIH-sponsored study (Merritte, et al.).

(1953 - 1974) The U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) sponsors iodine studies at the University of Iowa. In the first study, researchers give pregnant women
100 to 200 microcuries of iodine-131 and then study the women's
aborted embryos in order to learn at what stage and to what extent radioactive iodine crosses the placental barrier. In the second study, researchers give 12 male and 13 female newborns
under 36 hours old and weighing between 5.5 and 8.5 pounds iodine-131
either orally or via intramuscular injection, later measuring the
concentration of iodine in the newborns' thyroid glands (Goliszek).

As part of an AEC study, researchers feed 28 healthy infants
at the University of Nebraska College of Medicine iodine-131 through a
gastric tube and then test concentration of iodine in the infants'
thyroid glands 24 hours later (Goliszek).

(1953 - 1957) Eleven patients at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston are injected with uranium as part of the Manhattan Project (Sharav).

In an AEC-sponsored study at the University of Tennessee, researchers
inject healthy two- to three-day-old newborns with approximately 60 rads
of iodine-131 (Goliszek).

Newborn Daniel Burton becomes blind when physicians at Brooklyn Doctors Hospital perform an experimental high oxygen treatment for Retrolental Fibroplasia, a retinal disorder affecting premature infants, on him and other premature babies. The physicians perform the experimental treatment despite earlier studies showing that high oxygen levels cause blindness. Testimony in Burton v. Brooklyn Doctors Hospital
(452 N.Y.S.2d875) later reveals that researchers continued to give
Burton and other infants excess oxygen even after their eyes had swelled
to dangerous levels (Goliszek, Sharav).

A 1953 article in Clinical Science describes a medical
experiment in which researchers purposely blister the abdomens of 41
children, ranging in age from eight to 14, with cantharide in order to
study how severely the substance irritates the skin (Goliszek).

The AEC performs a series of field tests known as "Green Run," dropping
radiodine 131 and xenon 133 over the Hanford, Wash. site -- 500,000
acres encompassing three small towns (Hanford, White Bluffs and
Richland) along the Columbia River (Sharav).

In an AEC-sponsored study to learn whether radioactive iodine affects
premature babies differently from full-term babies, researchers at
Harper Hospital in Detroit give oral doses of iodine-131 to 65 premature
and full-term infants weighing between 2.1 and 5.5 pounds (Goliszek).

(1955 - 1957) In order to learn how cold weather affects human
physiology, researchers give a total of 200 doses of iodine-131, a
radioactive tracer that concentrates almost immediately in the thyroid gland,
to 85 healthy Eskimos and 17 Athapascan Indians living in Alaska. They
study the tracer within the body by blood, thyroid tissue, urine and
saliva samples from the test subjects. Due to the language barrier, no
one tells the test subjects what is being done to them, so there is no
informed consent (Goliszek).

(1956 - 1957) U.S. Army covert biological weapons researchers release mosquitoes infected with yellow fever
and dengue fever over Savannah, Ga., and Avon Park, Fla., to test the
insects' ability to carry disease. After each test, Army agents pose as
public health
officials to test victims for effects and take pictures of the
unwitting test subjects. These experiments result in a high incidence of
fevers, respiratory distress, stillbirths, encephalitis and typhoid
among the two cities' residents, as well as several deaths (Cockburn and St. Clair, eds.).

(1957)

The U.S. military conducts Operation Plumbbob at the
Nevada Test Site, 65 miles northwest of Las Vegas. Operation Pumbbob
consists of 29 nuclear detonations, eventually creating radiation
expected to result in a total 32,000 cases of thyroid cancer among
civilians in the area. Around 18,000 members of the U.S. military
participate in Operation Pumbbob's Desert Rock VII and VIII, which are
designed to see how the average foot soldier physiologically and
mentally responds to a nuclear battlefield ("Operation Plumbbob", Goliszek).

(1957 - 1964) As part of MKULTRA, the CIA pays McGill University
Department of Psychiatry founder Dr. D. Ewen Cameron $69,000 to perform
LSD studies and potentially lethal experiments on Canadians being
treated for minor disorders like post-partum depression
and anxiety at the Allan Memorial Institute, which houses the
Psychiatry Department of the Royal Victoria Hospital in Montreal. The
CIA encourages Dr. Cameron to fully explore his "psychic driving"
concept of correcting madness through completely erasing one's memory
and rewriting the psyche. These "driving" experiments involve putting
human test subjects into drug-, electroshock- and sensory
deprivation-induced vegetative states for up to three months, and then
playing tape loops of noise or simple repetitive statements for weeks or
months in order to "rewrite" the "erased" psyche. Dr. Cameron also
gives human test subjects paralytic drugs and electroconvulsive therapy
30 to 40 times, as part of his experiments. Most of Dr. Cameron's test
subjects suffer permanent damage as a result of his work (Goliszek, "Donald Ewan Cameron").

In order to study how blood flows through children's brains,
researchers at Children's Hospital in Philadelphia perform the
following experiment on healthy children, ranging in age from three to
11: They insert needles into each child's femoral artery (thigh) and
jugular vein (neck), bringing the blood down from the brain. Then, they force each child to inhale a special gas through a facemask. In their subsequent Journal of Clinical Investigation article
on this study, the researchers note that, in order to perform the
experiment, they had to restrain some of the child test subjects by
bandaging them to boards (Goliszek).

(1958)

The U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) drops
radioactive materials over Point Hope, Alaska, home to the Inupiats, in
a field test known under the codename "Project Chariot" (Sharav).

(1961)

In response to the Nuremberg Trials, Yale psychologist
Stanley Milgram begins his famous Obedience to Authority Study in order
to answer his question "Could it be that (Adolf) Eichmann and his
million accomplices in the Holocaust were just following orders? Could
we call them all accomplices?" Male test subjects, ranging in age from
20 to 40 and coming from all education backgrounds, are told to give
"learners" electric shocks for every wrong answer the learners give in
response to word pair questions. In reality, the learners are actors
and are not receiving electric shocks, but what matters is that the
test subjects do not know that. Astoundingly, they keep on following
orders and continue to administer increasingly high levels of "shocks,"
even after the actor learners show obvious physical pain ("Milgram Experiment").

(1962)

Researchers at the Laurel Children's Center in Maryland test experimental acne
antibiotics on children and continue their tests even after half of
the young test subjects develop severe liver damage because of the
experimental medication (Goliszek).

The FDA begins requiring that a new pharmaceutical undergo three human clinical trials before it will approve it. From 1962 to 1980, pharmaceutical companies satisfy this requirement by running Phase I trials, which determine a drug's toxicity, on prison inmates, giving them small amounts of cash for compensation (Sharav).

(1963)

Chester M. Southam, who injected Ohio State Prison
inmates with live cancer cells in 1952, performs the same procedure on
22 senile, African-American female patients at the Brooklyn Jewish
Chronic Disease Hospital in order to watch their immunological
response. Southam tells the patients that they are receiving "some
cells," but leaves out the fact that they are cancer cells. He claims
he doesn't obtain informed consent from the patients because he does
not want to frighten them by telling them what he is doing, but he
nevertheless temporarily loses his medical license because of it.
Ironically, he eventually becomes president of the American Cancer
Society (Greger, Merritte, et al.).

Researchers at the University of Washington directly irradiate the
testes of 232 prison inmates in order to determine radiation's effects
on testicular function. When these inmates later leave prison and have
children, at least four have babies born with birth
defects. The exact number is unknown because researchers never follow
up on the men to see the long-term effects of their experiment
(Goliszek).

(1963 - 1966) New York University researcher Saul Krugman promises
parents with mentally disabled children definite enrollment into the
Willowbrook State School in Staten Island, N.Y., a resident mental
institution for mentally retarded children, in exchange for their
signatures on a consent form for procedures presented as "vaccinations."
In reality, the procedures involve deliberately infecting children
with viral hepatitis by feeding them an extract made from the feces of
infected patients, so that Krugman can study the course of viral
hepatitis as well the effectiveness of a hepatitis vaccine (Hammer Breslow).

(1963 - 1971) Leading endocrinologist Dr. Carl Heller gives 67 prison
inmates at Oregon State Prison in Salem $5 per month and $25 per
testicular tissue biopsy in compensation for allowing him to perform irradiation experiments on their testes. If they receive vasectomies at the end of the study, the prisoners are given an extra $100 (Sharav, Goliszek).

Researchers inject a genetic compound called radioactive thymidine into
the testicles of more than 100 Oregon State Penitentiary inmates to
learn whether sperm production is affected by exposure to steroid
hormones (Greger).

In a study published in Pediatrics, researchers at the
University of California's Department of Pediatrics use 113 newborns
ranging in age from one hour to three days old in a series of
experiments used to study changes
in blood pressure and blood flow. In one study, doctors insert a
catheter through the newborns' umbilical arteries and into their aortas
and then immerse the newborns' feet in ice water while recording aortic
pressure. In another experiment, doctors strap 50 newborns to a
circumcision board, tilt the table so that all the blood rushes to their
heads and then measure their blood pressure (Goliszek).

(1964 - 1967) The Dow Chemical Company pays Professor Kligman $10,000
to learn how dioxin -- a highly toxic, carcinogenic component of Agent
Orange -- and other herbicides affect human skin because workers at the
chemical plant have been developing an acne-like condition called
Chloracne and the company would like to know whether the chemicals
they are handling are to blame. As part of the study, Professor
Kligman applies roughly the amount of dioxin Dow employees are exposed
to on the skin 60 prisoners, and is disappointed when the prisoners
show no symptoms of Chloracne. In 1980 and 1981, the human guinea pigs
used in this study would begin suing Professor Kligman for
complications including lupus and psychological damage (Kaye).

(1965)

As part of a test codenamed "Big Tom," the Department of Defense sprays Oahu, Hawaii's most heavily populated island, with Bacillus globigii in order to simulate an attack on an island complex. Bacillus globigii causes infections in people with weakened immune systems, but this was not known to scientists at the time (Goliszek, Martin).

(1966)

U.S. Army scientists drop light bulbs filled with Bacillus subtilis through ventilation gates and into the New York City subway system, exposing more than one million civilians, including women and children, to the bacteria (Goliszek).

(1967)

The CIA places a chemical in the drinking water supply of the FDA headquarters in Washington, D.C. to see whether it is possible to spike drinking water with LSD and other substances (Cockburn and St. Clair, eds.).

In a study published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation,
researchers inject pregnant women with radioactive cortisol to see if
the radioactive material will cross the placentas and affect the fetuses
(Goliszek).

The U.S. Army pays Professor Kligman to apply skin-blistering chemicals
to Holmesburg Prison inmates' faces and backs, so as to, in Professor
Kligman's words, "learn how the skin protects itself against chronic
assault from toxic chemicals,
the so-called hardening process," information which would have both
offensive and defensive applications for the U.S. military (Kaye).

Professor Kligman develops Retin-A as an acne cream (and eventually a wrinkle cream), turning him into a multi-millionaire (Kaye).

Researchers paralyze 64 prison inmates in California
with a neuromuscular compound called succinylcholine, which produces
suppressed breathing that feels similar to drowning. When five prisoners
refuse to participate in the medical experiment, the prison's special
treatment board gives researchers permission to inject the prisoners
with the drug against their will (Greger).

(1968)

Planned Parenthood of San Antonio and South Central
Texas and the Southwest Foundation for Research and Education begin an
oral contraceptive study on 70 poverty-stricken Mexican-American women,
giving only half the oral contraceptives they think they are receiving
and the other half a placebo. When the results of this study are released a few years later, it stirs tremendous controversy among Mexican-Americans (Sharav, Sauter).

(1969)

Experimental drugs are tested on mentally disabled
children in Milledgeville, Ga., without any institutional approval
whatsoever (Sharav).

Judge Sam Steinfield's dissent in Strunk v. Strunk, 445 S.W.2d 145 marks the first time a judge has ever suggested that the Nuremberg Code be applied in American court cases (Sharav).

(1970)

Under order from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which also sponsored the Tuskegee Experiment, the free childcare program at Johns Hopkins University collects blood samples
from 7,000 African-American youth, telling their parents that they are
checking for anemia but actually checking for an extra Y chromosome
(XYY), believed to be a biological predisposition to crime. The program
director, Digamber Borganokar, does this experiment without Johns
Hopkins University's permission (Greger, Merritte, et al.).

(1971)

Stanford University conducts the Stanford Prison Experiment on a group of college
students in order to learn the psychology of prison life. Some
students are given the role as prison guards, while the others are
given the role of prisoners. After only six days, the proposed two-week
study has to end because of its psychological effects on the
participants. The "guards" had begun to act sadistic, while the
"prisoners" started to show signs of depression and severe
psychological stress (University of New Hampshire).

An article entitled "Viral Infections in Man Associated with Acquired Immunological Deficiency States" appears in Federation Proceedings.
Dr. MacArthur and Fort Detrick's Special Operations Division have, at
this point, been conducting mycoplasma research to create a synthetic
immunosuppressive agent for about one year, again suggesting that this
research may have produced HIV (Goliszek).

(1973)

An Ad Hoc Advisory Panel issues its Final Report
on the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, writing, "Society can no longer afford
to leave the balancing of individual rights against scientific progress
to the scientific community" (Sharav).

(1977)

The National Urban League holds its National Conference on Human Experimentation, stating, "We don't want to kill science but we don't want science to kill, mangle and abuse us" (Sharav).

(1978)

The CDC begins experimental hepatitis B
vaccine trials in New York. Its ads for research subjects specifically
ask for promiscuous homosexual men. Professor Wolf Szmuness of the
Columbia University School of Public Health had made the vaccine's
infective serum from the pooled blood serum of hepatitis-infected
homosexuals and then developed it in chimpanzees,
the only animal susceptible to hepatitis B, leading to the theory that
HIV originated in chimpanzees before being transferred over to humans
via this vaccine. A few months after 1,083 homosexual men receive the vaccine, New York physicians begin noticing cases of Kaposi's sarcoma, Mycoplasma penetrans and a new strain of herpes virus among New York's homosexual community
-- diseases not usually seen among young, American men, but that would
later be known as common opportunistic diseases associated with AIDS (Goliszek).

(1980)

According to blood samples tested years later for HIV,
20 percent of all New York homosexual men who participated in the 1978
hepatitis B vaccine experiment are HIV-positive by this point (Goliszek).

The first AIDS case appears in San Francisco (Goliszek).

(1981)

The CDC acknowledges that a disease known as AIDS exists
and confirms 26 cases of the disease -- all in previously healthy
homosexuals living in New York, San Francisco and Los Angeles -- again
supporting the speculation that AIDS originated from the hepatitis B
experiments from 1978 and 1980 (Goliszek).

(1982)

Thirty percent of the test subjects used in the CDC's hepatitis B vaccine experiment are HIV-positive by this point (Goliszek).

(1985)

A former U.S. Army sergeant tries to sue the Army for using drugs on him in without his consent or even his knowledge in United States v. Stanley, 483 U.S. 669.
Justice Antonin Scalia writes the decision, clearing the U.S. military
from any liability in past, present or future medical experiments
without informed consent (Merritte, et al..

(1987)

Philadelphia resident Doris Jackson discovers that researchers have removed her son's brain post mortem
for medical study. She later learns that the state of Pennsylvania has
a doctrine of "implied consent," meaning that unless a patient signs a
document stating otherwise, consent for organ removal is automatically
implied (Merritte, et al.).

(1988)

(1988 - 2001) The New York City Administration for
Children's Services begins allowing foster care children living in
about two dozen children's homes to be used in National Institutes of
Health-sponsored (NIH) experimental AIDS drug trials. These children -- totaling 465 by the program's end -- experience serious side effects,
including inability to walk, diarrhea, vomiting, swollen joints and
cramps. Children's home employees are unaware that they are giving the
HIV-infected children experimental drugs, rather than standard AIDS treatments (New York City ACS, Doran).

(1990)

The United States sends 1.7 million members of the armed
forces, 22 percent of whom are African-American, to the Persian Gulf
for the Gulf War
("Desert Storm"). More than 400,000 of these soldiers are ordered to
take an experimental nerve agent medication called pyridostigmine, which
is later believed to be the cause of Gulf War Syndrome -- symptoms
ranging from skin disorders, neurological disorders, incontinence, uncontrollable drooling and vision problems -- affecting Gulf War veterans (Goliszek; Merritte, et al.).

The CDC and Kaiser Pharmaceuticals of Southern California inject 1,500
six-month-old black and Hispanic babies in Los Angeles with an
"experimental" measles vaccine that had never been licensed for use in
the United States. Adding to the risk,
children less than a year old may not have an adequate amount of
myelin around their nerves, possibly resulting in impaired neural
development because of the vaccine. The CDC later admits that parents
were never informed that the vaccine being injected into their children
was experimental (Goliszek).

The FDA allows the U.S. Department of Defense to waive the Nuremberg Code and use unapproved drugs and vaccines in Operation Desert Shield (Sharav).

(1992)

Columbia University's New York State Psychiatric
Institute and the Mount Sinai School of Medicine give 100 males --
mostly African-American and Hispanic, all between the ages of six and
10 and all the younger brothers of juvenile delinquents -- 10
milligrams of fenfluramine (fen-fen) per kilogram of body weight
in order to test the theory that low serotonin levels are linked to
violent or aggressive behavior. Parents of the participants received
$125 each, including a $25 Toys 'R' Us gift certificate (Goliszek).

(1994)

President Clinton appoints the Advisory Commission on
Human Radiation Experiments (ACHRE), which finally reveals the horrific
experiments conducted during the Cold War era in its ACHRE Report.

(1995)

A 19-year-old University of Rochester student named
Nicole Wan dies from participating in an MIT-sponsored experiment that
tests airborne pollutant chemicals on humans. The experiment pays $150
to human test subjects (Sharav).

In the Mar. 15 President's Advisory Committee on Human Radiation
Experiments (ACHRE), former human subjects, including those who were
used in experiments as children, give sworn testimonies stating that
they were subjected to radiation experiments and/or brainwashed,
hypnotized, drugged, psychologically tortured, threatened and even raped
during CIA experiments. These sworn statements include:

• Christina DeNicola's statement that, in Tucson, Ariz., from
  1966 to 1976, "Dr. B" performed mind control experiments using drugs,
  post-hypnotic injection and drama, and irradiation experiments on her
  neck, throat, chest and uterus. She was only four years old when the experiments started.
  
• Claudia Mullen's testimony
  that Dr. Sidney Gottlieb (of MKULTRA fame) used chemicals, radiation,
  hypnosis, drugs, isolation in tubs of water, sleep deprivation,
  electric shock,
  brainwashing and emotional, sexual and verbal abuse as part of mind
  control experiments that had the ultimate objective of turning her, who
  was only a child at the time, into the "perfect spy." She tells the
  advisory committee that researchers justified this abuse by telling her
  that she was serving her country "in their bold effort to fight
  Communism."
  
• Suzanne Starr's statement that "a physician, who was retired from
  the military, got children from the mountains of Colorado for
  experiments." She says she was one of those children and that she was
  the victim of experiments involving environmental
  deprivation to the point of forced psychosis, spin programming,
  injections, rape and frequent electroshock and mind control sessions. "I
  have fought self-destructive programmed messages to kill myself, and I
  know what a programmed message is, and I don’t act on them," she tells
  the advisory committee of the experiments' long-lasting effects, even
  in her adulthood (Goliszek).
  

President Clinton publicly apologizes to the thousands of people who
were victims of MKULTRA and other mind-control experimental programs (Sharav).

President Clinton appoints the National Bioethics Advisory Committee (Sharav).

Justice Edward Greenfield of the New York State Supreme Court rules
that parents do not have the right to volunteer their mentally
incapacitated children for non-therapeutic medical research studies and that no mentally incapacitated person whatsoever can be used in a medical experiment without informed consent (Sharav).

(1996)

Professor Adil E. Shamoo of the University of Maryland
and the organization Citizens for Responsible Care and Research sends a
written testimony on the unethical use of veterans
in medical research to the U.S. Senate's Committee on Governmental
Affairs, stating: "This type of research is on-going nationwide in
medical centers and VA hospitals supported by tens of millions of
dollars of taxpayers money. These experiments are high risk and are
abusive, causing not only physical and psychic harm to the most
vulnerable groups but also degrading our society’s system of basic human
values. Probably tens of thousands of patients are being subjected to
such experiments" ("Testimony of Adil E. Shamoo, Ph.D.").

The Department of Defense admits that Gulf War soldiers were exposed to
chemical agents; however, 33 percent of all military personnel
afflicted with Gulf War Syndrome never left the United States during
the war, discrediting the popular mainstream belief that these symptoms
are a result of exposure to Iraqi chemical weapons (Merritte, et al.).

President Clinton issues a formal apology to the subjects of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study and their families (Sharav).

(1997)

In an experiment sponsored by the U.S. government,
researchers withhold medical treatment from HIV-positive
African-American pregnant women, giving them a placebo rather than AIDS
medication (Sharav).

On Sept. 18, victims of unethical medical experiments at major U.S.
research centers, including the National Institutes of Mental Health
(NIMH) testify before the National Bioethics Advisory Committee (Sharav).

(1999)

Adil E. Shamoo, Ph.D. testifies on "The Unethical Use of
Human Beings in High-Risk Research Experiments" before the U.S. House
of Representatives' House Committee on Veterans' Affairs, alerting the
House on the use of American veterans in VA Hospitals as human guinea
pigs and calling for national reforms ("Testimony of Adil E. Shamoo, Ph.D.").

Doctors at the University of Pennsylvania inject 18-year-old Jesse
Gelsinger with an experimental gene therapy as part of an FDA-approved
clinical trial. He dies four days later and his father suspects that he
was not fully informed of the experiment's risk (Goliszek)

During a clinical trial investigating the effectiveness of Propulsid
for infant acid reflux, nine-month-old Gage Stevens dies at Children's
Hospital in Pittsburgh (Sharav).

(2000)

The U.S. Air Force and rocket maker Lockheed Martin
sponsor a Loma Linda University study that pays 100 Californians $1,000
to eat a dose of perchlorate
-- a toxic component of rocket fuel that causes cancer, damages the
thyroid gland and hinders normal development in children and fetuses --
every day for six months. The dose eaten by the test subjects is 83
times the safe dose of perchlorate set by the State of California, which
has perchlorate in some of its drinking water. This Loma Linda study
is the first large-scale study to use human subjects to test the
harmful effects of a water pollutant and is "inherently unethical,"
according to Environmental Working Group research director Richard Wiles (Goliszek, Envirnomental Working Group).

(2001)

On its website, the FDA
admits that its policy to include healthy children in human
experiments "has led to an increasing number of proposals for studies
of safety and pharmacokinetics, including those in children who do not have the condition for which the drug is intended" (Goliszek).

In Higgins and Grimes v. Kennedy Krieger Institute The Maryland
Court of Appeals makes a landmark decision regarding the use of
children as test subjects, prohibiting non-therapeutic experimentation
on children on the basis of "best interest of the individual child" (Sharav).

(2002)

President George W. Bush signs the Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act (BPCA), offering pharmaceutical companies
six-month exclusivity in exchange for running clinical drug trials on
children. This will of course increase the number of children used as
human test subjects (Hammer Breslow).

(2003)

Two-year-old Michael Daddio of Delaware dies of congestive heart failure. After his death, his parents learn that doctors had performed an experimental surgery
on him when he was five months old, rather than using the established
surgical method of repairing his congenital heart defect that the
parents had been told would be performed. The established procedure has a
90- to 95-percent success rate, whereas the inventor of the procedure
performed on baby Daddio would later be fired from his hospital in 2004 (Willen and Evans, "Parents of Babies Who Died in Delaware Tests Weren't Warned").

(2004)

In his BBC documentary "Guinea Pig Kids" and BBC
News article of the same name, reporter Jamie Doran reveals that
children involved in the New York City foster care system were unwitting
human subjects in experimental AIDS drug trials from 1988 to, in his
belief, present times (Doran).

(2005)

In response to the BBC documentary and article "Guinea Pig Kids", the New York City Administration of Children's Services (ACS)
sends out an Apr. 22 press release admitting that foster care children
were used in experimental AIDS drug trials, but says that the last
trial took place in 2001 and thus the trials are not continuing, as BBC
reporter Jamie Doran claims. The ACS gives the extent and statistics
of the experimental drug trials, based on its own records, and
contracts the Vera Institute of Justice to conduct "an independent review
of ACS policy and practice regarding the enrollment of HIV-positive
children in foster care in clinical drug trials during the late 1980s
and 1990s" (New York City ACS).

Bloomberg releases a series of reports suggesting that SFBC, the
largest experimental drug testing center of its time, exploits
immigrant and other low-income test subjects and runs tests with
limited credibility due to violations of both the FDA's and SFBC's own
testing guidelines (Bloomberg).

In October 2005, the American Chemistry Council gave the EPA
$2.1 million to study how children ranging from infancy to three years
old ingest, inhale or absorb chemicals. Like IG Farben was for the
German pharmaceutical companies of Nazi Germany, the American Chemistry Council acts much like a front group for chemical industry
bigwigs like Bayer (which was incidentally also a member of IG
Farben), BP, Chevron, Dow, DuPont, Exxon, Honeywell, 3M, Monsanto and
Procter & Gamble. Studies have already proven that the chemicals
made by these companies have long-term effects on children and
adults. A short, two-year study like CHEERS would of course fail to
reveal these long-term effects and the American Chemistry Council could
then publicize these findings as "proof" that its chemicals were safe.

2006 - 2007

Merck begins pushing U.S. states to mandate the vaccination of teenage girls
with Gardasil, a vaccine they claim prevents HPV, a
sexually-transmitted virus. In February 2007, Texas Gov. Rick Perry --
who was revealed to have financial ties with Merck, the vaccine
manufacturer -- mandates the vaccine in teenage girls (see http://www.NaturalNews.com/021572.html ). A key Merck lobbyist named Mike Toomey, it turned out, had served as Gov. Rick Perry's chief of staff.

The Texas decision to mandate the vaccine was a notable and troubling
milestone in public health policy because it is the first time a vaccine
is mandated for a disease that cannot be contracted through casual
contact in public schools. It also invoked "gunpoint medicine," or the threat of arrest at gunpoint for not agreeing to receive state-mandated injections.

The Gardasil
vaccinations remain a grand medical experiment being performed on
children because it is not yet known what the long-term side effects of
the vaccination will be, nor whether the vaccinations will actually lower rates of cervical cancer as intended.

2007

Maryland's governor and public health officials, fed up
with the unwillingness of over 2,000 parents to have their children
vaccinated, invoke gunpoint medicine yet again by threatening the
parents with arrest and up to 30 days of imprisonment if they don't
submit their children to state-mandated vaccinations. The children and
parents are later rounded up at a county courthouse, guarded by attack
dogs and security personnel, while a district Judge oversees the mass injection of schoolchildren with vaccines that contain toxic mercury. (See http://www.NaturalNews.com/022242.html )

Present day: New Jersey mandates the mass vaccination of all
children with four different vaccines, stripping away the health
freedoms of parents and unleashing a mass medical experiment that
exploits the bodies of children and enriches pharmaceutical companies
while criminalizing parents who refuse to participate.


Source:-

http://www.naturalnews.com/022383_children_child.html