Nanoparticles: The Tiniest Toxin

Nanoparticles: The Tiniest Toxin

Daisy Luther


Activist Post

If we didn’t have enough to worry about in the grocery aisles, with
GMOs, toxic additives, and pesticide-soaked foods, we can now add a new
concern: nanoparticles.

What exactly is a nanoparticle? As You Sow, a non-profit consumer advocacy group, explains:
<blockquote class="tr_bq">Nanomaterials are often heralded as having the
potential to revolutionize the food industry – from enabling the
production of creamy liquids that contain no fat, to enhancing
flavors,improving supplement delivery, providing brighter colors,
keeping food fresh longer, or indicating when it spoils. It is reported
that nanotechnology is already used in food and food related products,
but due to lack of transparency about the issue, concrete information
has been difficult to obtain. </blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq">Because
of their small size, nanoparticles are able to go places in the body
that larger particles cannot. Nanoparticles in food or food packaging
can gain access via ingestion, inhalation,or skin penetration. When
ingested, the nano-sized particles facilitate uptake into cells and can
allow them to pass into the blood and lymph where they circulate through
the body and reach potentially sensitive target sites such as bone
marrow, lymph nodes, the spleen, the brain, the liver, and the heart.
Nanoparticles penetrating the skin can distribute through the body via
lymphatic channels. Inhaled nano TiO2 has been found to act like
asbestos and silicone in that it accumulates in the lung and causes
inflammation and can impact DNA proteins and cell membranes. (download
the entire report on nanoparticles HERE)</blockquote>So, much like GMOs, nanoparticle technology was not properly tested before it entered our food supply.

The few studies that have been done have alarming results.

A Swedish study, Influence of Nanoparticles on Blood-Brain Barrier
Permeability and Brain Edema Formation in Rats, revealed that
nanoparticles derived from transition metals, silver, copper, aluminum,
silicon, carbon and metal oxides easily crossed the blood-brain barrier
and produced lasting damage to the barrier, by altering the
permeability.

Research at Cornell University, led by Dr. Michael Shuler, studied how
large doses of polystyrene nanoparticles – a common, FDA-approved
substance found in substances ranging from food additives to vitamins –
affected the absorption of iron:
<blockquote class="tr_bq">According to the study, high-intensity,
short-term exposure to the particles initially blocked iron absorption,
whereas longer-term exposure caused intestinal cell structures to
change, allowing for a compensating uptick in iron absorption. </blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq">The
researchers tested both acute and chronic nanoparticle exposure using
human gut cells in petri dishes as well as live chickens and reported
matching results. </blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq">Shuler said the
research serves to underscore how such particles, which have been
widely studied and considered safe, cause barely detectable changes that
could lead to, for example, over-absorption of other, harmful
compounds. (source)</blockquote>One
of the major issues with nanoparticles is that when a substance is
reduced to nano form (about a billionth in scale) the substance behaves
differently.
<blockquote class="tr_bq">According to experts, the issue is that
elements at the nanoscale behave differently from the larger sized
particles in which they are normally encountered. As an example,
graphite’s properties are well known: it holds specific position in
toxicology guidelines and is not considered a hazardous or reactive
material under any normal circumstances. Nobel winning physicist Richard
Smalley of Rice University discovered carbon nanotubes and fullerenes
(buckyballs) — nanoparticles of carbon — that are categorized as forms
of graphite due to the way the carbon atoms are arranged. These
particles, however, behave in ways unlike graphite, making their
classification a potentially dangerous one. </blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq">Scientists
know that substances become more reactive as their particles get
smaller because the surface area is greater relative to the volume,
providing a larger surface on which chemical reactions can occur for a
given amount of the substance. One example concerns the element iron. An
iron nail will not burn, but the same quantity of the element in the
form of an extremely fine powder will ignite spontaneously when exposed
to air. Similarly, substances that are normally fairly inert may undergo
unexpected chemical reactions in the human body or in the environment
when in nanoparticle form. (source)</blockquote>Because
of this concentrated effect, it isn’t known exactly how nanoparticles
will affect humans. They have been shown to cause altered gene markers
and brain damage in fish, accumulation in laboratory animals, and at
least one type of nanoparticle has been shown to cross the human
placenta in preliminary studies.

What is the FDA’s policy on the inclusion of nano-particles in food?

The European Food Safety Authority requires that foods containing
nano-particles be labeled, but in America, the FDA does not require food
manufacturers to report the nanoparticles on the label. Ironically,
the FDA also refuses to say that the nanoparticles are safe. “At this
time, we are not aware of any food ingredient or [food contact
substance] intentionally engineered on the nanometer scale for which
there are generally available safety data sufficient to serve as the
foundation for a determination that the use of a food ingredient or
[food contact substance] is GRAS.” (GRAS = Generally Recognized As Safe)

The FDA allows the control over the use of nanomaterial to be in the
hands of food manufacturers. According to the government agency’s website,"Industry remains responsible for ensuring that its products meet all applicable legal requirements, including safety standards.
Regardless of whether products are subject to premarket review or
authorization, manufacturers are required to ensure that their product
satisfies applicable safety standards and complies with other applicable
requirements.”

This means that the manufacturers are free to determine what tests
should be conducted, whether or not they wish to share the results of
those test, and whether or not they opt to label the products that
contain nanoparticles. Sebastian Cianci, an FDA spokesperson, said:
<blockquote class="tr_bq">Under existing statutory and regulatory
provisions, manufacturers are able to voluntarily include information
about the use of nanomaterials or nanotechnology in the labeling of
products where such information presented in the context of the entire
label or labeling is not false or misleading…and does not violate other
labeling requirements.</blockquote>The FDA is apparently not tracking the use of these particles at all, according to an email exchange between EMagazine and the representative for the agency:
<blockquote class="tr_bq">E Magazine: What can you tell me about the prevalence of nanomaterials in our food supply? </blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq">Sebastian Cianci: FDA does not have a list of food products that contain nanomaterials. </blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq">E: Where are nanomaterials most often found within food products? In colorings or additives? </blockquote><blockquote class="tr_bq">S.C.: FDA does not maintain a list of food products that contain nanomaterials so we cannot reliably answer this question.</blockquote>The FDA
is not asking questions because they really just don’t want to know.
Big Food has too much influence within the agency for any true oversight
to occur.
What foods contain nanoparticles?

One frequently used nano-particle is titanium dioxide. This is included
in the powdered-sugar coating on many pastries and lends them a whiter,
brighter look. Wondering what to strike from your shopping list?
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles have provided a sparkling white
appearance to the following, according to EMagazine:

• Mentos
  
• Trident gum
  
• Dentyne gum
  
• M&Ms
  
• Betty Crocker Whipped Cream Frosting
  
• Jello Banana Cream Pudding
  
• Vanilla Milkshake Pop Tarts
  
• Nestlé Original Coffee Creamer
  

Because manufacturers are not required to report the inclusion of
nanoparticles (trade secrets) and because little analysis of processed
food has been done to determine whether or not nanoparticles are
present, it’s impossible to provide a comprehensive list of foods that
contain nanoparticles.

How can you avoid nanoparticles?

Nanoparticles are impossible to avoid if you eat processed foods – and
you won’t know if you are consuming them or not, because they aren’t on
the label. More frightening, and potentially much harder to avoid, is
the fact that there are some experimental farming methods that use nanoparticles too. The strategies to avoid nanoparticles are identical to the strategies to avoid the other toxins in the grocery store gauntlet.

• Grow your own food
  
• Buy from small, local farms (find a farm near you)
  
• Buy organic: The National Organics Standards Board has banned the use of engineered nanoparticles in organic food.
  
• Avoid processed foods (anything with an ingredients list)
  

The food industry has taken its cue from the backlash against GMOs. If
we don’t insist on transparency, they will not provide us with
information on what our food contains. If we allow it, they will
continue justify their silence by claiming that these tiny toxins are
“trade secrets”. Will nanoparticles have negative long-term effects on
human health? We honestly don’t know yet, but preliminary research does
not look good. Vote with your wallet, and refuse to be a guinea pig
for Big Food.

Source:-
rhttp://www.activistpost.com/2013/05/nanoparticles-tiniest-toxin.htmlhttp://www.activistpost.com/2013/05/nanoparticles-tiniest-toxin.html