GMO multi-toxin crops continue to backfire as more insects become resistant to crop chemicals

GMO multi-toxin crops continue to backfire as more insects become resistant to crop chemicals


(NaturalNews) Promises made by the biotechnology industry about the
alleged robustness of its genetically modified (GM) crops are proving to
be false, as research out of the University of Arizona (UA)
uncovers a growing resistance by pests to even the most advanced crop
chemical technologies in use today. Published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
the new study explains how multi-toxin GM crops are quickly losing
their ability to fend off pests, which could lead to a complete GMO
failure in the very near future if alternate interventions are not
enacted.

The study evaluated specific GM crops like corn and
cotton that have been infused with a genetic mutation involving the
bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), as well as several other
toxins that grow inside the plant to target pests. This so-called
"pyramid" strategy, which involves using multiple GM toxins to target
the same pests, is said to have been designed for the purpose of
thwarting pesticide and insecticide resistance by targeting pests with
two or three different toxins all at once rather than just one at time.

But
according to the UA report, insects and other pests are outsmarting
this approach. After evaluating a series of laboratory experiments they
conducted, as well as various computer simulations and other published
data on the subject, the team learned that multi-toxin GM crops do not
necessarily kill pests redundantly -- that is, if a pest is resistant to
one toxic GM trait, it does not necessarily respond automatically to
the other toxic GM traits. In fact, the pest response to multi-toxin
GMOs is so complex and unpredictable that it is already shaping up to be
a complete failure.

"[T]he team's analysis of published data
from eight species of pests reveals that some degree of cross-resistance
between Cry1 and Cry2 toxins occurred in nineteen of twenty-one
experiments," explains Homeland Security News Wire about the study's findings. Cry1 and Cry2 are two types of GM toxins used in conjunction with each other in some multi-toxin GM crops.
"Contradicting the concept of redundant killing, cross-resistance
resistance means that selection with one toxin increases resistance to
the other toxin."

GMO technology will never overcome pests and weeds, and will only make the problem worse over time

What
this means, of course, is that the practice of combining multiple
toxins into a single GM crop has actually made pest resistance worse
rather than better. This is particularly true in light of the fact that
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), taking its cues from the biotechnology industry, has been lax in requiring that pest "refuges" be established in crop fields to mitigate the spread of pest resistance.

"Our
simulations tell us that with 10 percent of acreage set aside for
refuges, resistance evolves quite fast, but if you put 30 or 40 percent
aside, you can substantially delay it," says Yves Carriere, a professor
of entomology at the UA College of Agriculture and Life Sciences
and lead author of the study. "Our main message is to be more cautious,
especially with a pest like the cotton bollworm," he adds, referring to a
common crop pest that has already developed resistance to both Cry1 and Cry2.

Earlier research out of UA that was published in the Journal of Economic Ecology
warned that western corn rootworm beetles are also growing resistance
to multi-toxin GMOs. Like the new paper, this previous study urged that
larger acreages of pest refuges be installed to help slow the problem,
although this intervention admittedly will not solve the problem
forever.

Source:-
http://www.naturalnews.com/040120_GM_crops_Monsanto_chemical_resistance.html