Successful AIDS vaccine trial may be due to individuals’ existing antibody levels

Successful AIDS vaccine trial may be due to individuals’ existing antibody levels











The success of an
AIDS vaccine trial that in 2009 was shown to protect 31 percent of
people studied may have been due to varying levels of antibody
responses in the patients, researchers said Thursday.

Different types of antibody responses were associated with who became
infected and who did not, according to an analysis of the results
published in the April 5 edition of the New England Journal of Medicine.

For instance, a type of antibody produced by the body to ward off
infection, known as IgG, could attach itself to the surface of the HIV
protein and appeared to help prevent infection in some people.

People received the vaccine and whose IgG antibodies were able to bind
to this region, called V1V2, showed lower infection rates than the
placebo group.

On the other hand, patients whose blood tests showed the highest levels
of a different antibody, IgA, appeared to have less protection against
HIV than people with lower levels, leading scientists to think it may
have actually interfered with the vaccine and made it less effective.

“This analysis has produced some intriguing hints about what types of
human immune responses a preventive HIV vaccine may need to induce,”
said National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
director Anthony Fauci.
“With further exploration, this new knowledge may bring us a step
closer to developing a broadly protective HIV vaccine,” said Fauci,
whose NIAID co-funded the research along with the US Army Medical
Research and Materiel Command and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

The latest analysis could help inform future vaccine trials by creating
more effective vaccines and possibly figuring out how to make
variations that work best in different patients.

“Different HIV vaccines may protect against HIV in different ways,”
said co-author Nelson Michael, Military HIV Research Program director at
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research.

“More research is needed to fully understand these results, and to
determine if they can be generalized to other types of HIV vaccines or
similar vaccines tested against other regional types of HIV or via
different routes of exposure.”

The trial data, based on results from 16,395 HIV-negative volunteers in
Thailand and first published in 2009, was viewed as a pioneering
achievement even though it provided only a partial shield against HIV.

A vaccine would have to offer 50 percent protection in order to be offered to the public.
AIDS has claimed more than 25 million lives since 1981 and left more than 30 million people infected.



Source:-
http://www.rawstory.com/rs/2012/04/05/successful-aids-vaccine-trial-may-be-due-to-individuals-existing-antibody-levels/