GMO scientists now developing techniques to intentionally pollute natural organisms' genomes to permanently alter DNA

GMO scientists now developing techniques to intentionally pollute natural organisms' genomes to permanently alter DNA

Thursday, January 21, 2016



(NaturalNews) Due to recent breakthroughs in genetic engineering (GE) technology, scientists are now talking openly about deliberately attempting to modify the genomes of entire wild species to suit human ends – embracing "genetic pollution" as a goal, not a risk.

Although these far-reaching plans, known as gene drives, have not yet been unleashed on the natural world, they have been successfully tested in laboratory populations.

Known to be possible since at least 2003, gene drives only became feasible three years ago with the development of a new GE technique known as "Crispr-Cas9" gene editing. This method allows scientists to snip out a targeted gene in a cell – including an embryo or germ cell – and replace it with the gene of their choice.

The quest for control ends in extinction

Scientists laud the potential of gene drives to eradicate insect-borne diseases, remove herbicide resistance from weeds (which of course developed this resistance due to overuse of Roundup on GE crops) and "control" invasive species. Already, scientists are testing techniques to make mosquitoes resistant to the malaria parasite or – apparently having learned nothing from the ecological catastrophes caused by wildlife policies of the 19th century – render them sterile, thus driving the entire wild population extinct.

These scientists claim to be very aware of the risks of this technology, although they have made it clear that they are talking about the risks only to appease the public and gain its support for these dangerous experiments on nature. Writing in the journal Science about ways to prevent the accidental escape of gene drive organisms, a group of researchers noted the need to "build a foundation of public trust for potential future applications."

Ecological consequences cannot be foreseen

But the real concern with gene drives is the simple law of unintended consequences. These consequences could come for the modified organism itself, as genetics are notoriously complex. For example, modifying one trait could cause changes elsewhere, and a disease meant to be rendered harmless could actually become more deadly or could jump to a separate host.

Even if gene drives work exactly as intended, however, they are likely to have negative consequences for Earth's ecosystems – and, by extension, for the human beings that depend on a healthy biosphere for our own survival. As Harvard biochemist Kevin Esvelt so succinctly put it, "mosquitoes interact with other species."

You can't deliberately drive a species extinct without seeing an effect elsewhere. And you can't know what that effect will be ahead of time.

Another inevitable effect of gene drives, acknowledged even by its supporters, is that some wild "pests" will evolve resistance to whatever genes scientists try to introduce. That's because natural selection (evolution) tends to favor fitness, and the gene drives being discussed would by definition lower fitness.

True to form, the genetic engineers are talking about solving this problem, when it arises, with still more gene drives. This is reminiscent of the arms race that these same scientists are currently locked into with the Roundup resistant weeds they created, deploying ever higher levels of more and more toxic chemicals to get the same crop yields.

Scientists have also discussed the need to build in measures to reverse gene drives that went wrong, or to make wild organisms immune to the spread of a rogue gene drive. But critics have suggested that these measures might function simply to pacify public opposition, without any promise of actually working?

In the words of Austin Burt of Imperial College London, the very man who first suggested how gene drives might work, "If your first drive doesn't work as intended, are you sure your second drive will work?"



http://www.naturalnews.com/052711_GMO_scientists_genetic_pollution_extinction_genes.html